The most obvious explanation for why free MP3 downloads declined in Nigeria — “streaming got cheap enough” — is true, but it undersells how late that actually happened, and how much of the work was done by one company most global coverage barely mentions.
The gap streaming left open for years For most of the 2010s, mainstream streaming simply wasn’t built for this market. Coverage of Spotify’s African expansion makes the timeline explicit: before February 2021, Spotify was only officially available in five African markets — South Africa (since 2018), Morocco, Egypt, Algeria and Tunisia. Everywhere else, including Nigeria, access meant using a VPN to pretend to be somewhere the service actually operated. That’s not a small barrier for a mainstream audience — it’s a wall.
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